Week III & IV Update (Summaries, quotes, comments on readings)

This week focused on reading Book 3, 13, 16, and 23 of Homer's Iliad, as well as some secondary scholarship.

BOOK 3
Book 3 of the Iliad, concerns the truce and duel. δίκη in its form is only found at line 124, which reads: "Λαοδίκην Πριάμοιο θυγατρῶν εἶδος ἀρίστην," translated it means, "Laodike, loveliest looking of all the daughters of Priam." Its application/usage/context is not what I'm looking for.

For ate: κατήφεια (51, meaning dejection), ἀθανάτῃσ (158). Daughter is used x2 (θυγάτηρ); not important.

BOOK 13
Book 13 of the Iliad, concerns the intervention by Poseidon.

Form of dike: δικαιοτάτων (6), translated as "righteous"; sentence, "most righteous of all men."

No Ατη. 

BOOK 16
Book 16 of the Iliad, concerns the death of Patroklos.

DIKE
(385-389):

Ζεύς, ὅτε δή ῥ᾽ ἄνδρεσσι κοτεσσάμενος χαλεπήνῃ,
οἳ βίῃ εἰν ἀγορῇ σκολιὰς κρίνωσι θέμιστας,
ἐκ δὲ δίκην ἐλάσωσι θεῶν ὄπιν οὐκ ἀλέγοντες:
τῶν δέ τε πάντες μὲν ποταμοὶ πλήθουσι ῥέοντες,

[As underneath the hurricane all the black earth is burdened on an autumn day, when Zeus sends down the most violent water in deep rage against mortals after they stir him to anger because in violent assembly they pass decrees that are crooked, and drive righteousness from among them and care nothing for the gods think.]

(541-42):

κεῖται Σαρπηδὼν Λυκίων ἀγὸς ἀσπιστάων,
ὃς Λυκίην εἴρυτο δίκῃσί τε καὶ σθένεϊ ᾧ:

[Sarpedon has fallen, the lord of the shield-armored Lykians, who defended Lykia in his strength and the right of his justice]. 

ATE: (269-274)

Πάτροκλος δ᾽ ἑτάροισιν ἐκέκλετο μακρὸν ἀΰσας:
‘Μυρμιδόνες ἕταροι Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος
270ἀνέρες ἔστε φίλοι, μνήσασθε δὲ θούριδος ἀλκῆς,
ὡς ἂν Πηλεΐδην τιμήσομεν, ὃς μέγ᾽ ἄριστος
Ἀργείων παρὰ νηυσὶ καὶ ἀγχέμαχοι θεράποντες,
γνῷ δὲ καὶ Ἀτρεΐδης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων
ἣν ἄτην, ὅ τ᾽ ἄριστον Ἀχαιῶν οὐδὲν ἔτισεν.

Its translation is KEY, from the Lattimore translation, it reads: "Mymidons, compaions of Peleus' son, far the greatest of the Argives by the ships, we, even the henchmen who fight beside him, so Atreus' son wide-ruling Agagmemnon may recognize his MADNESS (ate), that he did no honor to the best of the Achaians."

(498-500)

σοὶ γὰρ ἐγὼ καὶ ἔπειτα κατηφείη (dejection) καὶ ὄνειδος
ἔσσομαι ἤματα πάντα διαμπερές, εἴ κέ μ᾽ Ἀχαιοὶ
500τεύχεα συλήσωσι νεῶν ἐν ἀγῶνι πεσόντα.

[For I shall be a thing of shame and reproach said of you afterward, all your days forever, if the Achains strip my armor here where I fell by the ships assembled." 

(702-7):

τρὶς μὲν ἐπ᾽ ἀγκῶνος βῆ τείχεος ὑψηλοῖο
Πάτροκλος, τρὶς δ᾽ αὐτὸν ἀπεστυφέλιξεν Ἀπόλλων
χείρεσσ᾽ ἀθανάτῃσι φαεινὴν ἀσπίδα νύσσων.

[Three times Patroklos tried to mount the angle of the towering wall, and three times Phoibos Apollo battered him backward with the immortal hands beating back the the bright shield.] 

(710-11):

ὣς φάτο, Πάτροκλος δ᾽ ἀνεχάζετο πολλὸν ὀπίσσω
μῆνιν ἀλευάμενος ἑκατηβόλου Ἀπόλλωνος. 

[He spoke, and Patroklos gave ground before him a great way, avoiding the anger of him who strikes from afar, Apollo]. 

(805):  τὸν δ᾽ ἄτη φρένας εἷλε, λύθεν δ᾽ ὑπὸ φαίδιμα γυῖα, [Disaster caught his wits, and his shining body went nerveless.]  Apollo hits Patroklos, his demise.

BOOK 23
Book 23 of the Iliad, concerns Patroklos' funeral and the games.

DIKE
(566-580):

τοῖσι δὲ καὶ Μενέλαος ἀνίστατο θυμὸν ἀχεύων
Ἀντιλόχῳ ἄμοτον κεχολωμένος: ἐν δ᾽ ἄρα κῆρυξ
χειρὶ σκῆπτρον ἔθηκε, σιωπῆσαί τε κέλευσεν
Ἀργείους: ὃ δ᾽ ἔπειτα μετηύδα ἰσόθεος φώς:
‘570Ἀντίλοχε πρόσθεν πεπνυμένε ποῖον ἔρεξας.
ᾔσχυνας μὲν ἐμὴν ἀρετήν, βλάψας δέ μοι ἵππους
τοὺς σοὺς πρόσθε βαλών, οἵ τοι πολὺ χείρονες ἦσαν.
ἀλλ᾽ ἄγετ᾽ Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες
ἐς μέσον ἀμφοτέροισι δικάσσατε, μὴ δ᾽ ἐπ᾽ ἀρωγῇ,
575μή ποτέ τις εἴπῃσιν Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων:
Ἀντίλοχον ψεύδεσσι βιησάμενος Μενέλαος
οἴχεται ἵππον ἄγων, ὅτι οἱ πολὺ χείρονες ἦσαν
ἵπποι, αὐτὸς δὲ κρείσσων ἀρετῇ τε βίῃ τε.
εἰ δ᾽ ἄγ᾽ ἐγὼν αὐτὸς δικάσω, καί μ᾽ οὔ τινά φημι
580ἄλλον ἐπιπλήξειν Δαναῶν: ἰθεῖα γὰρ ἔσται.

[But now Menelaos, heart full of bitterness, stood up among them in relentless anger against Antilochos, and the herald put the staff into his hand and gave the call for the Argives to be silent. And he stood forth, a man like a god, and spoke to them: "Antilochos, you had good sense once. Se what you have done. You have defiled by horsemanship, you have fouled my horses by throwing your horses in their way, though your were far slower. Come then, O leaders of the Argives and their men of counsel: judge between the two of us now; and without favor; so that no man of the bronze-armored Achains shall say of us: "Menelaos using lies and force against Antilochos went off with the marehe won, for his horses were far slower but he himself was greater in power and degree.' Or rather come, I myself will give the judgment, and I think no other man of the Danaans can call it in question, for it will be right.]

ATE
(144): Σπερχεί᾽ ἄλλως σοί γε πατὴρ ἠρήσατο Πηλεὺς [Spercheios, it was in vain that Peleus my father vowed to you].

I. GREEK PERSPECTIVES ON THE JUSTNESS AND MERITS OF THE TROJAN WAR Summary

II. EQUALITY AND JUSTICE IN EARLY GREEK COSMOLOGIES Summary

III. DIVINE JUSTICE AND COSMIC ORDER IN EARLY GREEK Summary

IV. ASPECTS OF RELIGIOUS MORALITY IN EARLY GREEK EPIC Summary
The meanings of dike: "arbitration" "proper behavior" "fairness"

V. DIKE AS A MORAL TERM IN HOMER AND HESIOD Summary
"The language of the Homeric poems...definitely forbids the conclusion that the words mean anything like 'natural law' or 'self evident' justice.

Have lock: The term dikaiosune "was introduced into Greek in the mid-fifth century, writes that the appearance of the word marks the beginning of the internalization of a MORAL hithero viewed from purely social and external point of view."

ARGUES FOR MORALITY WITHIN HOMER; thought and rationale for heroes actions can be constituted as 'moral deduction'. 

VI. THE JUSTICE OF THE GREEKS: Ch. 1 Summary

VII. THE GREEK CONCEPT OF JUSTICE: Ch: 1 & 2 Summary